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A bank holds a loan of 4,800,000 PHP secured by a mortgage on a building titled in the name of Marcel. Marcel's cousin Ken offers to pay the debt and the bank accepts Ken as the new debtor, releasing Marcel from liability.
(a) Identify whether the form illustrated is expromision or delegacion distinguida, and justify your answer.
(b) State the controlling rule and describe the effect on Marcel's liability and on the bank's rights.
(c) If the bank consented to Ken's payment but did not release Marcel, what form is that and what are the consequences for Marcel and Ken?