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Question
Facts: In a family-owned printing shop, a 16-year-old unemancipated child Diego assists in deliveries under his parents’ authority. While Diego is guiding a delivery cart and stacking a crate, the crate slips and injures a passerby, Lea, causing Php 32,000 in medical expenses. Lea sues both Diego and Diego’s father, Bruno, who owns the shop. Bruno testifies that he supervised Diego, instructed him on safe loading procedures, and did not neglect his duties as guardian.
(a) Identify the governing doctrine on liability of parents for damages caused by unemancipated children under parental authority.
(b) Based on the facts, determine whether Bruno is civilly liable for Diego’s tort, and to what extent.
(c) If Bruno is liable, discuss possible defenses and how they would affect the scope of liability.