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ABC Manufacturing, a VAT-registered entity, buys a 3D printing system for 4,000,000 exclusive of VAT from a VAT-registered supplier. The supplier issues a VAT invoice at 12% (480,000). The 3D printing system is used 55% in producing taxable outputs (sales subject to VAT) and 45% in activities that are exempt from VAT. For the month, ABC's taxable sales amount to 2,000,000 (output VAT 240,000). Exempt sales for the same period amount to 1,000,000. (a) Identify the doctrine governing input VAT when a single purchase funds both taxable and exempt activities. (b) Compute the creditable input VAT, the non-creditable portion, and the net VAT position for the period. (c) Describe the treatment and possible remedies for any excess input VAT credits, naming the preferred options under the law.