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Rico commits arson by setting fire to a neighbor's house, causing substantial damage. A criminal case for arson is filed against Rico. Before the court resolves the case, Luz (the neighbor) and Rico sign a written compromise for PHP 250,000, whereby Luz waives any civil claim arising from the offense and Rico pays the amount; the court then approves the compromise. (a) Identify the doctrine governing extinction of civil liability ex delicto implicated by these facts. (b) Does the court-approved compromise extinguish the civil liability ex delicto? Explain the conditions required for validity and the role of court approval. (c) If the compromise had not been approved by the court, would the civil liability still be extinguished?