Flashcards Studio

During the current fiscal year, Congress passes a General Appropriations Act that includes a line item for a 'National Digital Infrastructure Fund' under the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT). After enactment, the President issues an executive directive through the Budget and Management Office to realign 22 million of that line-item from DICT to the Department of Science and Technology for a 'National AI Readiness Program', without any accompanying statutory authorization or congressional approval. (a) Identify the controlling doctrine governing the President's power over appropriation measures. (b) Is the President's unilateral realignment permissible? Explain. (c) If Congress subsequently enacts a law either authorizing or prohibiting such transfers, what is the effect on the President's action and on the remainder of the appropriation act?