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(a) Identify the governing doctrine on substitution of candidates in Philippine elections, including the grounds for substitution, who may substitute, and the required procedural steps.
(b) Distinguish the rules when substitution is triggered by death, withdrawal, or disqualification, with emphasis on the party requirement and the effect on the party ticket.
(c) Apply to the following fact pattern: A local party Pacifica Alliance nominates candidate A for mayor of Harborview City. Candidate A dies on June 8. On June 10, Pacifica Alliance files with the Commission on Elections a substituted certificate of candidacy naming candidate B, a member of Pacifica Alliance, as substitute. COMELEC accepts the substitution. The election is scheduled for August 30. A rival party objects, contending that substitution is invalid because the vacancy was due to death and that B does not meet the residency requirement. B has resided in Harborview City for two years prior to filing. Determine whether the substitution is valid. If valid, who should be proclaimed and what are the implications for the electorate and the party ticket.