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Question
Under the Fair Elections Act (Republic Act No. 9006) and its implementing rules, analyze the following scenario. A city mayoral candidate appoints a campaign treasurer who disburses 320,000 pesos for printing campaign materials, paid rallies, and online advertising during the official campaign period, using a mix of personal funds and campaign funds. A civic group, led by a private individual and not registered as part of the candidate’s campaign, spends 170,000 pesos on social media endorsements praising the candidate; the group claims it is independent and not coordinated with the candidate. The group does not report its expenditures. (a) Is the 320,000-peso disbursement a campaign expenditure under the law? Who is responsible for reporting and accountability? (b) Is the 170,000-peso expenditure by the civic group a campaign expenditure? If not, explain why; if yes, explain how attribution would work. (c) What penalties or consequences might apply if reporting is incomplete or false, and who may be liable?