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BARMM Parliament enacts the BARMM Internal Revenue and Trade Code (BITC), which imposes BARMM-wide import licensing and duties on goods entering BARMM from outside the region and creates a BARMM Trade Authority to administer and collect these duties within BARMM. The National Government, through the Bureau of Customs (BOC), asserts that the Tariff and Customs Code (national law) applies nationwide, including BARMM, and that national authorities have jurisdiction over cross-border trade. The BARMM government contends that trade regulation and revenue collection within BARMM fall under BARMM exclusive powers under the Bangsamoro Organic Law and that the BITC governs within BARMM, with primary enforcement by BARMM authorities. (a)Identify the central doctrine governing autonomous regions and their relation to the national government in the Philippines. (b)Distinguish the controlling rule for conflicts between a regional law and a national regulation within a region. (c)Apply to the facts: Which law governs customs and trade within BARMM and why? If conflicts arise, what remedies exist? (In your answer, reference the Constitution and the Bangsamoro Organic Law).

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