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Two adjacent municipalities, Ardentia (Province North) and Bracken (Province South), share a boundary along a river. In 2024 they sign a Boundary Covenant relocating the boundary 120 meters toward Bracken, based on a joint survey and attached map. The Covenant states it takes effect immediately and is binding on the two municipalities, their residents, and on water-use and land-use rights within the relocated boundary zone. No Senate ratification or implementing legislation exists; the national government has not approved or ratified the instrument. In 2026 the municipalities begin issuing water-use licenses and flood-control permits in the relocated zone, and a private landowner with title to land straddling the old boundary challenges enforcement, arguing that the boundary cannot be lawfully changed without national approval. (a)Identify the controlling rule on whether a boundary settlement entered into by local government units without national government ratification binds the Republic and third parties. (b)Distinguish the domestic binding effect of such an accord from the binding effect of a delimitation later undertaken by the State through proper constitutional process. (c)Apply to the facts: who are the legally relevant actors, what rights and duties arise for third parties, and what remedy is appropriate to resolve the dispute.