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Arcadia Realty, Inc. sues Helios Construction, Inc. for breach of a construction contract and for unpaid progress payments. Before Helios answers, Helios seeks to amend its pleading to (i) delete a previously asserted lack of jurisdiction defense, and (ii) plead a counterclaim for damages arising from alleged misrepresentations by Helios' supplier during contract negotiations, all tied to the same project. Arcadia objects, arguing amendments before answer are limited to clarifications. While the case is pending, Arcadia learns of a post‑filing event: Helios received a payment from a third party related to the project. Arcadia moves to file a supplemental pleading to reflect that payment and adjust damages. Explain the propriety of these amendments and the supplemental pleading under Rule 10, focusing on (i) whether amendments before answer are allowed as a matter of right or require leave, (ii) whether the proposed counterclaim would be allowed as within the same transaction, and (iii) the rules governing supplemental pleadings for post‑filing events.