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Facts: A baby named Miro is found abandoned in a shopping mall parking lot in Iloilo City. There is no identification and no known parents. A foundling case is filed with the local civil registrar. (a) State the controlling rule on citizenship for foundlings under Republic Act No. 11767; (b) Explain how this rule relates to the constitutional rule on citizenship by birth; (c) Apply the rules to Miro: Is Miro a Filipino citizen by operation of law? What steps are required to secure documentary evidence of his citizenship?

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The rule is that foundlings acquire citizenship by operation of law; (b) It partially overlaps with the birth rule but RA 11767 resolves ambiguity; (c) The documentary evidence is a Certificate of Filipino Citizenship issued by the Civil Registrar upon filing a petition through the local Social Welfare Office. Foundlings found in the Philippines acquire Filipino citizenship by operation of law under RA 11767; (b) This rule supplements the constitutional citizenship-by-birth provision, extending it to foundlings; (c) Miro is a Filipino citizen by operation of law, and documentary evidence is obtained by applying with the Local Civil Registrar and the PSA for a Certificate of Filipino Citizenship and to have his birth record updated accordingly. Foundlings are citizens by operation of law only if later determined to be born in the Philippines to Filipino parents; RA 11767 thus only applies to foundlings whose parentage is unknown but in the Philippines; documentary evidence requires a declaration of citizenship by the Supreme Court. The rule is that foundlings may be citizens by operation of law; (b) The constitution's birth rule is unaffected; (c) Evidence must be obtained by petitioning for a certificate of citizenship from the Bureau of Immigration.

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