Site Search

Meridian Plastics, Inc. employs 180 workers and 22 supervisors. The workers form Meridian Workers’ Union (MWU) and ad...

..., short sub-questions. Constitution of the Philippines, Article XIII, Section 3, Labor Code provisions on the right to self-organization and freedom to form labor organizations, DOLE guidelines/interpretations on labor o...

Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article XIII, Section 3, Labor Code provisions on the right to self-organization and freedom to form labor organizations, DOLE guidelines/interpretations on labor organizations and membership

A national pharmaceutical distribution company, MediNova Wholesale, Inc. (MediNova), and a major regional distributor...

...ny, MediNova Wholesale, Inc. (MediNova), and a major regional distributor, LuzonRx Logistics, Inc. (LuzonRx), announce a plan to merge to form MediNovaRx Corp. MediNova currently controls about 34% of the nationwide pres...

Citations: Republic Act No. 10667 (Philippine Competition Act), Sections 20-22, Philippine Competition Commission guidelines on prohibited mergers and pre-merger notification (as general enforcement framework)

SwiftLine Logistics, Inc., a private logistics company employing 220 workers, conducts a secret-ballot election and t...

...ng prior fact patterns. Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 8, Labor Code of the Philippines, prov...

Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 8, Labor Code of the Philippines, provisions on unfair labor practices by employers

A registered civic association, Bayan Sining Alliance (BSA), plans a 5-day cultural festival in a municipal plaza to...

...Alliance (BSA), plans a 5-day cultural festival in a municipal plaza to showcase local artists and community groups. The City Ordinance requires all assemblies in public spaces to obtain a permit at least 96 hours befor...

Citations: Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Article III, Section 4 (freedom of assembly and petition)., International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Articles 21 and 22 (freedom of peaceful assembly and association).

A Filipino migrant worker, Marta, is employed abroad under a POEA-standard contract arranged by a licensed recruitmen...

...rmination is authorized under Sec. 10 of RA 8042, as amended by RA 10022. Marta was not given any prior notice or opportunity to be heard, and she has not yet been repatriated or paid final wages. (a) Identify the contro...

Citations: Republic Act No. 8042 (Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995) as amended by RA No. 10022, Section 10, RA 8042 (Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act), POEA Regulations and Standard Employment Contract guidelines, Labor Code of the Philippines (general principles on termination and illegal dismissal)

A registered civic league called Luntiang Bayan (LB) announces a peaceful march to demand transparency in local gover...

...ed civic league called Luntiang Bayan (LB) announces a peaceful march to demand transparency in local governance. The City of Portico passes an ordinance requiring all assemblies in public spaces to obtain a permit at le...

Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 4, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Articles 21 and 22

A registered cooperative, Bayan Tubig Cooperative (BTN Coop), plans to hold a peaceful rally in front of the municipa...

A registered cooperative, Bayan Tubig Cooperative (BTN Coop), plans to hold a peaceful rally in front of the municipal hall to demand more transparent water governance. The municipal mayor enacts an ordinance requiring a...

Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 4, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Articles 21 and 22

Ana Cruz, a Filipino nurse, is deployed to the United Arab Emirates under a POEA-standard contract through a licensed...

...contract through a licensed recruitment agency. After eight months of assignment, her employer terminates the contract on grounds of “reorganization and business realignment.” She was given a brief written notice via ema...

Citations: Republic Act No. 8042 (Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995), Sec. 10, Republic Act No. 10022 (An Act Amending Certain Provisions of RA 8042), POEA Standards/Guidelines for OFW Deployment and Termination (Standard Employment Contract and related repatriation provisions), DOLE/POEA guidelines on termination and repatriation of OFWs

Maria Lopez, a natural-born Filipino citizen and registered voter in District A, seeks to file her candidacy for Repr...

...for Members of the House of Representatives), Omnibus Election Code (Batas Pambansa Blg. 881) provisions on s...

Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article VI, Section 5 (Qualifications for Members of the House of Representatives), Omnibus Election Code (Batas Pambansa Blg. 881) provisions on substitution of candidates and eligibility

Nebula Forge, a domestic game development studio, hires Lira, a freelance 3D artist, to create a lead character model...

...d under this engagement shall be treated as works made for hire under Section 172.2 of the Intellectual Property Code; Nebula Forge shall own worldwide rights, including derivative works." Lira uses her own laptop and so...

Citations: Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines, Sec. 172.2 (Work Made for Hire), Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines, Sec. 175 (Assignment of Rights), Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines, Sec. 181 (Remedies)

Roland Dizon, a Filipino electrical technician, is deployed to Saudi Arabia under a POEA-standard contract facilitate...

...t facilitated by a licensed recruitment agency. After eight months on assignment, his employer sends him a text message stating that his contract is terminated due to a purported ‘reorganization’ and that his services ar...

Citations: Republic Act No. 8042 (Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act), Sec. 10, Republic Act No. 10022 (amendment to RA 8042), POEA-Standard Employment Contract (as administered under POEA rules)

Under CPRA Canon III, Sec. 25 and A.M. No. 22-11-01-SC (Rules on Unified Legal Aid Service), in a ULAS assignment an...

...A.M. No. 22-11-01-SC (Rules on Unified Legal Aid Service), in a ULAS assignment an indigent defendant in a criminal case is represented by a private counsel who withdraws after a pre-trial conference due to an urgent ex...

A medium-sized textile manufacturer in Iloilo with 92 employees decides to retrench 14 workers from the weaving and f...

...ployees decides to retrench 14 workers from the weaving and finishing sections due to persistent losses and a strategic shift toward automation. The affected workers’ lengths of service are: 22, 12, 9, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1...

Citations: Labor Code provisions on authorized causes for retrenchment and due process in dismissals and retrenchment., DOLE Department Order No. 147-15, s. 2015 (Guidelines on Retrenchment for Authorized Causes).

A mid-sized snack-food processing plant in Laoag, with about 190 employees, decides to retrench 24 workers from the p...

...ees, decides to retrench 24 workers from the production and packaging sections due to persistent losses and a strategic shift toward automation. The affected workers have lengths of service of 16, 12, 9, 7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1...

Citations: Labor Code provisions on authorized causes for termination, including retrenchment, DOLE Department Order No. 147-15 (2015) on retrenchment and due process

In a Regional Trial Court case for murder, the information was filed on April 7, 2022; arraignment occurred on May 3,...

...ormation was filed on April 7, 2022; arraignment occurred on May 3, 2022. Since arraignment there have been 12 continuances totaling 13 months. Delays were attributed to (i) congested court calendar (4 months), (ii) the...

Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 14 (Speedy Trial)

Under CPRA Canon III, Sec. 25 and A.M. No. 22-11-01-SC (Rules on Unified Legal Aid Service), a lawyer assigned to ind...

...s an obligation to provide continuous, competent legal aid. In a ULAS assignment for a criminal case, a private counsel withdraws after arraignment, citing an unexpected workload and requests substitution. The court gran...

A registered environmental NGO, GreenPulse Coalition, plans a peaceful rally in the public plaza of San Lorenzo City...

...ition, plans a peaceful rally in the public plaza of San Lorenzo City to protest a new mining project approved by the city. The City Council enacts Ordinance 2025-09 requiring all assemblies in public spaces to file a pe...

Citations: 1987 Constitution, Article III, Section 4 (freedom of speech, expression, and the right of the people peaceably to assemble), ICCPR, Article 21 (peaceful assembly) and Article 22 (freedom of association)

(a) Identify the controlling rule(s) under CPRA Canon III, Sec. 25 and A.M. No. 22-11-01-SC (Rules on Unified Legal A...

...central issue with a clear, plausible set of consequences. Canon III, Section 25, Code of Professional Responsibility and Accountability (CPRA), A.M. No. 22-11-01-SC, Rules on Unified Legal Aid Service

Citations: Canon III, Section 25, Code of Professional Responsibility and Accountability (CPRA), A.M. No. 22-11-01-SC, Rules on Unified Legal Aid Service

A nascent environmental group, Dahon ng Kalikasan (DK), is not registered with the local civil registrar. They plan a...

...registrar. They plan a peaceful demonstration in the municipal plaza to oppose a proposed dam project. The Municipal Government enacts Ordinance No. 2025-07, requiring all associations to register with the city within 7...

Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 4, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Articles 21 and 22

A registered environmental NGO, Bantay Kalikasan ng Solara (BKS), plans a peaceful demonstration in the Solara Riverf...

...a (BKS), plans a peaceful demonstration in the Solara Riverfront Park to protest river pollution. The City enacts an ordinance requiring all assemblies in public spaces to file a permit at least 72 hours before the event...

Citations: Constitution of the Philippines (1987), Article III, Section 4, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Articles 21 and 22

An aspiring senator, Juan Dizon, who is a natural-born Filipino and a registered voter in Cebu City, seeks to file hi...

...th other qualifications. Constitution of the Philippines, Article VI, Section 5

Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article VI, Section 5

An Iloilo-based manufacturing firm hires a Non-resident Alien (NRA) from Country E as Chief Regulatory Affairs Office...

...m Country E as Chief Regulatory Affairs Officer (CRAO) for a two-year assignment. The Alien Employment Permit (AEP) on file is issued for the role 'Regulatory Affairs Analyst' with a one-year term and a narrowly defined...

Citations: Labor Code Articles 40-42, Department Order No. 186-2017 (as amended by Department Order No. 221-2021), Department Order No. 205-2019

During the bar admission process, applicant Maria L. Cruz filed an application declaring that there are no pending ci...

...e. The Supreme Court orders correction of the misrepresentation under Section 11, Canon II, CPRA. (a) Identify the controlling rule on correcting misrepresentations in applications for admission to the Bar. (b) Explain t...

Citations: Canon II, Section 11, Code of Professional Responsibility and Accountability (CPRA), A.M. No. 22-09-01-SC

Merit-based Legal Practice and Independence: A medium-sized law firm uses a formal merit-based system to allocate new...

...ithdraws and threatens to file a professional complaint or sue if the assignment is not to Santos. Analyze whether the firm's merit-based assignment complies with CPRA Canon I on independence. (a) Identify the controllin...

Citations: A.M. No. 22-09-01-SC, Canon I (Independence)