Question
Political and Public International Law | Zones of Privacy | ESSAY
Medium
...ils to prosecutors who charge A with estafa. (a) Identify the zone of privacy implicated and the controlling constitutional doctrine. (b) Are the emails admissible as evidence? Explain with the applicable rule and any ex...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 3(1) (privacy of communications and correspondence), Republic Act No. 4200 (Anti-Wiretapping Law), Republic Act No. 10173 (Data Privacy Act)
Question
Labor and Social Legislation | Burden of Proof | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
A private software-services firm terminates its senior data-analyst for alleged unauthorized extraction of customer data, claiming breach of confidentiality and the company’s data-privacy policy. The company submits: (i)...
Question
Remedial Law, Legal and Judicial Ethics, with Practical Exercises | Modes of Discovery - Rules 23-29 | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
In a civil action for a data-breach and alleged non-compliance with data privacy obligations, the plaintiff seeks to depose the defendant’s Chief Information Security Officer about internal breach response memos, vulnera...
Question
Criminal Law | Offenses against Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability of Computer Data and Systems - R.A. No. 10175, Sec. 4(a)(1) to (5) | ESSAY
Medium
ArdentCloud, a private data services firm, maintains a non-public client database on its internal network. Lia, the lead systems administrator with legitimate maintenance access, exports a substantial subset of client re...
Citations: Republic Act No. 10175 (Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012), Sec. 4(a)(1)–(a)(5)
Question
Political and Public International Law | Zones of Privacy | ESSAY
Medium
An independent data consultant, engaged by a private firm, secretly gains access to a private Slack workspace used by TargetCo’s procurement and legal teams and copies all direct messages between employee Dev and the Chi...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 3 (privacy of communications and correspondence)., Republic Act No. 4200 (Anti-Wiretapping Act).
Question
Political and Public International Law | Zones of Privacy | ESSAY
Medium
...uses these emails to prosecute Z for estafa. (a) Identify the zone of privacy implicated and the controlling constitutional doctrine. (b) Are the emails admissible as evidence? Explain with the applicable rule and any ex...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 3(3), Republic Act No. 4200 (Wiretapping Law)
Question
Political and Public International Law | Right Against Self-incrimination | ESSAY
Medium
Facts: Avery Cruz, a software designer, is arrested by police in connection with suspected unauthorized access to a financial platform and related fraud. He is brought to a small, windowless interrogation room. He is not...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 12
Question
Criminal Law | Hacking - Cracking - R.A. No. 8792, Sec. 33(a) | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...he firm intends to publish the vulnerability publicly and to sell the data. The university files charges of hacking under RA 8792, Sec. 33(a). Which statement best describes liability under Sec. 33(a) for the firm’s cond...
Question
Criminal Law | Hacking - Cracking - R.A. No. 8792, Sec. 33(a) | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...d boundary and explicitly prohibits exporting or copying any customer data outside the test environment. During the engagement, the firm uses company-issued administrator credentials to log into the live portal and, beyo...
Question
Criminal Law | Hacking - Cracking - R.A. No. 8792, Sec. 33(a) | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...hin a defined boundary and prohibits exporting or copying any student data outside a secure testing environment. During the engagement, the firm uses university-issued credentials to log into the live portal and, beyond...
Question
Criminal Law | Hacking - Cracking - R.A. No. 8792, Sec. 33(a) | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...to test its citizen services portal, which stores residents’ personal data such as names, addresses, and tax identification numbers. The contract authorizes the firm to conduct login-based vulnerability testing within a...
Question
Criminal Law | Offenses against Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability of Computer Data and Systems - R.A. No. 10175, Sec. 4(a)(1) to (5) | ESSAY
Medium
Juno, a systems consultant contracted to upgrade a private hospital’s data servers, copies the hospital’s non-public patient database to a USB drive without authorization and sells it to a competitor. He then deploys ran...
Citations: Republic Act No. 10175, Sec. 4(a)(1)-(5), Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (RA 10175) - Official text
Question
Criminal Law | Using Information and Communications Technologies - R.A. No. 10175, Sec. 6 | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...fore deployment, a routine security patch is applied and no access or data is compromised. Under RA 10175, Sec. 6, which of the following statements best describes their liability? Correct: D and M are liable for conspir...
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Lawful Access and Obligation of Confidentiality - Sec. 32 | ESSAY
Medium
...four months of BrightBridge user chat transcripts and transaction metadata related to a named suspect. Acting on the MLAT, a domestic court issues an order directing BrightBridge to disclose the data to the foreign agenc...
Citations: Republic Act No. 8792, Section 32 (Lawful Access and Obligation of Confidentiality)., Republic Act No. 10173, Data Privacy Act of 2012 (interplay on confidentiality and data handling).
Question
Criminal Law | Hacking - Cracking - R.A. No. 8792, Sec. 33(a) | ESSAY
Medium
A bank's security team discovers a vulnerability in its customer-data portal. An employee, Ian, intentionally bypasses the login mechanism using a script, gains access to the portal, and copies 120 customer records (name...
Citations: Republic Act No. 8792, Sec. 33(a) (E-Commerce Act)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Non-copyrightable Works | ESSAY
Medium
A private publisher downloads the National Privacy Commission's Data Privacy Guidelines 2020 from the NPC website and posts the entire text verbatim on its own site. The publisher then publishes a "Plain-English Digest"...
Citations: Republic Act No. 8293 (Copyright Law)
Question
Political and Public International Law | Zones of Privacy | ESSAY
Medium
...ges to prosecutors who charge Z with estafa. (a) Identify the zone of privacy implicated and the controlling constitutional doctrine. (b) Are the messages admissible as evidence? Explain with the applicable rule and any...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 3(3), Republic Act No. 4200 (Anti-Wiretapping Act)
Question
Remedial Law, Legal and Judicial Ethics, with Practical Exercises | Special Commercial Courts and Cybercrime Courts | ESSAY
Medium
An information filed in RTC Branch 34, Bacolod City charges a former data-security analyst with (i) unauthorized access and cyber extortion under RA 10175 and (ii) civil damages for data breach and reputational harm aris...
Citations: Republic Act No. 10175 (Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012), Rules on Joinder of Offenses (Rules of Court)
Question
Political and Public International Law | Zones of Privacy | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...cutors who charge one volunteer with estafa. (a) Identify the zone of privacy implicated and the controlling constitutional doctrine. (b) Are the messages admissible as evidence? Explain with the applicable rule and any...
Question
Remedial Law, Legal and Judicial Ethics, with Practical Exercises | Special Commercial Courts and Cybercrime Courts | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...i) cyber libel arising from a defamation post, plus civil damages for data breach and reputational harm arising from the same incident. The Information designates the cybercrime counts as the principal offense and includ...
Question
Remedial Law, Legal and Judicial Ethics, with Practical Exercises | Special Commercial Courts and Cybercrime Courts | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...access and cyber extortion under RA 10175 and (ii) civil damages for data breach and reputational harm arising from the same incident. The Information designates the cybercrime counts as the principal offense and includ...
Question
Remedial Law, Legal and Judicial Ethics, with Practical Exercises | Special Commercial Courts and Cybercrime Courts | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...cyber extortion under RA 10175 and (ii) civil damages arising from a data breach, including reputational harm. The information designates the cybercrime counts as the principal offense and includes the civil damages as...
Question
Criminal Law | Offenses against Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability of Computer Data and Systems - R.A. No. 10175, Sec. 4(a)(1) to (5) | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...dministrator, has legitimate access to the non-public student records database on the university’s internal server. Over a weekend, he copies a substantial subset of the database to a USB drive and sells it to a data bro...
Question
Labor and Social Legislation | Quantum of Evidence | ESSAY
Medium
...dismissed Carla Rivera, a software engineer, for alleged unauthorized data exfiltration of confidential client information. The employer's evidence: (a) system access logs showing Rivera logged into the secure data repos...
Citations: Philippine Labor Code provisions governing disciplinary measures and due process; NLRC decisions and Supreme Court jurisprudence on the substantial evidence standard in labor disputes (quantum of proof)