Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Non-copyrightable Works | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
A private publisher downloads the Department of Environment and Natural Resources' Guidelines for Coastal Resource Management 2022 from the official site and posts the text verbatim on its own website. The publisher then...
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Unlawful Acts - R.A. No. 11659, Sec. 9 | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
Scenario: A public officer in the City Environment and Natural Resources Office accepts ₱1,200,000 from Developer Z to expedite the issuance of an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) and building permit for a mixe...
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Meetings | ESSAY
Medium
Orion Resources, Inc., a Philippine corporation organized and existing under RA 11232, holds a special stockholders’ meeting to approve a sale of a subsidiary. Notice was mailed to all stockholders entitled to vote; Stoc...
Citations: Revised Corporation Code (RA 11232)
Question
Remedial Law, Legal and Judicial Ethics, with Practical Exercises | Adherence of Jurisdiction; Residual Jurisdiction; Primary Jurisdiction | ESSAY
Medium
...ronmental Compliance Permit (ECP) from the Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office (PENRO) before commencing operations or continuing existing operations. The Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) of the Depa...
Citations: Rule 65, Rules of Court (Petitions for Certiorari)., Republic Act No. 7160 (Local Government Code) (local autonomy and police power subject to national laws)., Republic Act No. 8749 (Philippine Clean Air Act)., Republic Act No. 9275 (PH Clean Water Act)., DENR Administrative and Regulatory Framework (environmental permitting and EMB authority).
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Ownership of a Patent | ESSAY
Medium
...ts its application with a clean, controlled fact pattern, including a natural follow-up scenario to distinguish resource-use and business-relationship tests...
Citations: Republic Act No. 8293 (Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Concealment | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...disclosure that over the past year the Department of Environment and Natural Resources issued a notice requiring remediation for improper storage and disposal of hazardous solvents and mandating specific containment mea...
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Basic Principles - Secs. 172.2, 175, and 181 | ESSAY
Medium
...he photographs during her employment, using Solarwave’s equipment and resources. The employment contract is silent on copyright ownership and contains no explicit "work made for hire" designation or written assignment of...
Citations: Republic Act No. 8293 (Intellectual Property Code), Sec. 172.2, Republic Act No. 8293 (Intellectual Property Code), Sec. 175, Republic Act No. 8293 (Intellectual Property Code), Sec. 181
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Ownership of a Patent | ESSAY
Medium
...est students’ ability to apply the rule to a narrow scenario. It also naturally leads to exploring exceptions and consequences when the facts shift. Republic Act No. 8293...
Citations: Republic Act No. 8293 (Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines), Republic Act No. 10372 (amendments to the IP Code)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Concealment | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...ant knowingly withholds disclosure of a Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Notice of Violations issued two months before the application, which required remediation for improper storage of volatile so...
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Ownership of a Patent | ESSAY
Medium
...onTech’s business or developed with PhotonTech’s time, facilities, or resources, shall be the sole property of PhotonTech." While on personal leave, at his home, using his own computer and development tools, Javier indep...
Citations: Republic Act No. 8293 (Intellectual Property Code)
Question
Political and Public International Law | Local Government Units (LGUs) | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...y. The national government, through the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), issues Administrative Order DENR-AO-2026-10 implementing a National Waste Management Framework that requires subsidies and l...
Question
Political and Public International Law | Precautionary Principle | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...pesticides’ environmental impacts. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) has not completed a regional Environmental Impact Assessment for the area; GrowWell Corp., a pesticide producer, argues the m...
Question
Remedial Law, Legal and Judicial Ethics, with Practical Exercises | Adherence of Jurisdiction; Residual Jurisdiction; Primary Jurisdiction | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...ronmental Compliance Permit (ECP) from the Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office (PENRO) before commencing operations or continuing existing operations. The Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) of the Depa...
Question
Political and Public International Law | Autonomous Regions and their Relation to the National Government | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...thority to enforce it within BARMM. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) issues a memorandum asserting that national mining laws and environment regulations apply across the Philippines, including B...
Question
Remedial Law, Legal and Judicial Ethics, with Practical Exercises | Intervention - Rule 19 | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...of land between co-owners X and Y, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) moves to intervene under Rule 19 on the ground that the parcel lies within a proclaimed forest reserve and that the judgment...
Question
Labor and Social Legislation | Coverage and Exclusions | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
A Department of Environment and Natural Resources contracts a private firm, GreenTech Field Solutions, to supply two field foresters for a six‑month forest-monitoring project. The foresters, Kai and Lia, render services...
Question
Political and Public International Law | Rights of Public Officers | ESSAY
Medium
A regional director of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is placed on preventive suspension for 60 days pending investigation into alleged irregularities in the disposal of forest products. The s...
Citations: Civil Service Commission (CSC) Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service (RACCS), Administrative Code or its Civil Service-related provisions governing preventive suspension and due process, Philippine Supreme Court decisions applying substantial evidence standard and due process requirements in administrative disciplinary actions against public officers
Question
Political and Public International Law | Procedural and Substantive | ESSAY
Medium
An official in the City Environment and Natural Resources Office suspends Ms. Lila Santos, a park ranger supervisor, for alleged neglect of duty and mishandling park records. The preventive suspension is issued for 12 da...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Art III, Sec 1 (Due Process)., Civil Service Commission, Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service (RACCS)., Administrative Code / related Civil Service policies on preventive suspension and due process.
Question
Remedial Law, Legal and Judicial Ethics, with Practical Exercises | Exclusive and Concurrent | ESSAY
Medium
An official of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources for Region X, the Regional Environmental Officer, is charged in the Regional Trial Court (RTC) with (a) graft and corrupt practices under Republic Act No...
Citations: Rule 110, Section 4, Rules of Court (Sandiganbayan's exclusive original jurisdiction over graft and corrupt practices by public officers), Republic Act No. 3019 (Graft and Corrupt Practices Act)
Question
Political and Public International Law | Power of Impeachment | ESSAY
Medium
An official, the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), is accused by the House of Representatives of two impeachable offenses: (i) gross abuse of power by issuing a directive that fast-...
Citations: Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Article XI, Sections 2-3
Question
Political and Public International Law | Power of Impeachment | ESSAY
Medium
An official, the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), is accused by the House of Representatives of two impeachable offenses: (i) gross abuse of power by issuing a directive that fast-...
Citations: 1987 Constitution, Art. XI, Sec. 2-4, Sec. 5
Question
Political and Public International Law | Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...O (Regional Environment Officer) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources signs a contract with a private firm to undertake a consultancy project on river rehabilitation and pays the contractor from a proje...
Question
Political and Public International Law | Appropriation and Realignment | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...Appropriations Act (GAA) for 2025: The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is funded with line items including a Forest Resources Management Program (P5B) and a Coastal Protection and Reforestation Fu...
Question
Political and Public International Law | Finality of Administrative Action | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
A DENR (Department of Environment and Natural Resources) Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) for a mining project bears this note: “This decision is final and not subject to further review unless a petition for re...