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Arman, a Filipino by birth, migrates to Country Y and becomes a national there. While holding foreign nationality, he...

...s determined by nationality at the time of transfer and whether later naturalization cures a void transfer. It also prompts students to articulate the remedial path consistent with void transfers. Civil Code, Arts. 15-18...

Citations: Civil Code, Arts. 15-18 (Conflict of Laws), Krivenko v. Register of Deeds (aliens cannot own land), Republic Act No. 9225 (Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition)

Aurora Agro, a domestic corporation, elected N as director at its annual stockholders’ meeting. N is a natural-born F...

...ppines at the time of election. Six months into N’s term, N files for naturalization as a citizen of a foreign country and thereby ceases to be a Philippine citizen. (a) Identify the controlling doctrine on tenure, quali...

Citations: Revised Corporation Code (R.A. No. 11232), Citizenship Retention and Re-Establishment Act (R.A. No. 9225)

Alessandra Reyes, born in Angeles City, Philippines, acquired Italian citizenship by naturalization in 2019. She did...

...s, born in Angeles City, Philippines, acquired Italian citizenship by naturalization in 2019. She did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. She continues to hold a Philippine passport...

Citations: Republic Act No. 9225 (Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003), Constitution of the Philippines (1987), Citizenship provisions

Aria Santos, a Filipino citizen born in Iloilo, acquired Japanese citizenship by naturalization in 2016. She did not...

..., a Filipino citizen born in Iloilo, acquired Japanese citizenship by naturalization in 2016. She did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. She continues to hold a Philippine passport...

Diego Cruz, a Filipino citizen born in Dumaguete, acquired Italian citizenship by naturalization in 2019. He did not...

...a Filipino citizen born in Dumaguete, acquired Italian citizenship by naturalization in 2019. He did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. He continues to hold a Philippine passport a...

Diego Santos, a Filipino citizen born in Davao City, acquired Canadian citizenship by naturalization in 2013. He did...

...Filipino citizen born in Davao City, acquired Canadian citizenship by naturalization in 2013. He did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. He continues to hold a Philippine passport a...

Marian Torres, a Filipino citizen born in Legazpi City, acquired Canadian citizenship by naturalization in 2013. She...

...lipino citizen born in Legazpi City, acquired Canadian citizenship by naturalization in 2013. She did avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225 in 2014. She continues to hold a Philippine pass...

Citations: Republic Act No. 9225 (Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003), Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Article IV, Section 1 (Citizenship)

Arielle Santos, a Filipino citizen born in Pasig, acquired British citizenship by naturalization in 2018. She did not...

...os, a Filipino citizen born in Pasig, acquired British citizenship by naturalization in 2018. She did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. She continues to hold a Philippine passport...

Citations: Republic Act No. 9225 (Retention and Re-acquisition of Philippine Citizenship Act of 2003), Constitution of the Philippines, Article IV (Citizenship)

Elena Cruz, a Filipino citizen born in Dumaguete City, acquired Italian citizenship by naturalization in 2015. She di...

...ipino citizen born in Dumaguete City, acquired Italian citizenship by naturalization in 2015. She did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. She continues to hold a Philippine passport...

Citations: Republic Act No. 9225 (Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003), 1987 Constitution of the Philippines

Irene Caballero, a Filipino citizen born in Pasig, acquired Spanish citizenship by naturalization in 2014. She did no...

...ro, a Filipino citizen born in Pasig, acquired Spanish citizenship by naturalization in 2014. She did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. In 2024 she seeks to run for barangay capta...

Jomar Tan, a Filipino citizen born in Iloilo, acquired German citizenship by naturalization in 2018. He did not avail...

...an, a Filipino citizen born in Iloilo, acquired German citizenship by naturalization in 2018. He did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. He continues to hold a Philippine passport a...

Kai Santos, a Filipino citizen born in Cagayan de Oro, acquired Canadian citizenship by naturalization in 2010. He di...

...pino citizen born in Cagayan de Oro, acquired Canadian citizenship by naturalization in 2010. He did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. In 2024 he seeks to run for municipal counci...

Citations: 1987 Constitution, Article IV, Citizenship, Republic Act No. 9225 (Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of 2003)

Kara Lim, a Filipino citizen born in Zamboanga City, acquired Australian citizenship by naturalization in 2012. She d...

...no citizen born in Zamboanga City, acquired Australian citizenship by naturalization in 2012. She did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. She continues to hold a Philippine passport...

Lea, a Filipino citizen born in Davao City, acquired British citizenship by naturalization in 2016. She did not avail...

...Filipino citizen born in Davao City, acquired British citizenship by naturalization in 2016. She did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. She continues to hold a Philippine passport...

Citations: Republic Act No. 9225 (Citizenship Retention and Reacquisition Act of 2003), 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, Article IV

Lia Mercado, a Filipino citizen born in Davao City, acquired Italian citizenship by naturalization in 2025. She did n...

...Filipino citizen born in Davao City, acquired Italian citizenship by naturalization in 2025. She did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. She continues to hold a Philippine passport...

Citations: 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, Article IV, Republic Act No. 9225 (Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003)

Lina Cruz, a Filipino citizen born in Pasig, acquired British citizenship by naturalization in 2014. She did not avai...

...uz, a Filipino citizen born in Pasig, acquired British citizenship by naturalization in 2014. She did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. She continues to hold a Philippine passport...

Marco Dizon, a Filipino citizen born in Manila, acquired Singaporean citizenship by naturalization in 2013. He did no...

...Filipino citizen born in Manila, acquired Singaporean citizenship by naturalization in 2013. He did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. He continues to hold a Philippine passport a...

Marina Reyes, a Filipino citizen born in Cebu, acquired New Zealand citizenship by naturalization in 2015. She did no...

...a Filipino citizen born in Cebu, acquired New Zealand citizenship by naturalization in 2015. She did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. She continues to carry a Philippine passpor...

Citations: Republic Act No. 9225 (Retention and Re-acquisition of Philippine Citizenship)

Mateo Cruz, a Filipino citizen born in Cebu City, acquired Australian citizenship by naturalization in 2014. He did n...

...ilipino citizen born in Cebu City, acquired Australian citizenship by naturalization in 2014. He did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. He continues to hold a Philippine passport a...

Nova Dizon, a Filipino citizen born in Cavite City, acquired Singapore citizenship by naturalization in 2017. She did...

...lipino citizen born in Cavite City, acquired Singapore citizenship by naturalization in 2017. She did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. She continues to hold a Philippine passport...

Citations: Republic Act No. 9225 (Retention and Re-acquisition of Philippine Citizenship), 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, Article IV, Section 1 (Citizenship)

Rafael, a Filipino citizen born in Davao City, acquired Canadian citizenship by naturalization in 2014. He did not av...

...Filipino citizen born in Davao City, acquired Canadian citizenship by naturalization in 2014. He did not avail retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225. He continues to hold a Philippine passport a...

Susana, a Filipino citizen born in Cebu, acquired Canadian citizenship by naturalization in 2010. She has never avail...

...na, a Filipino citizen born in Cebu, acquired Canadian citizenship by naturalization in 2010. She has never availed retention of Philippine citizenship under Republic Act No. 9225 and continues to carry a Philippine pass...

Citations: Republic Act No. 9225 (Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003), 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Article IV

(a) Identify the controlling doctrine on eligibility for admission to the Philippine Bar with respect to citizenship,...

...citizenship, including how loss of Philippine citizenship by foreign naturalization is treated. (b) Explain how foreign naturalization affects Philippine citizenship and describe the remedy provided by law for retention...

Citations: Constitution of the Philippines (1987) on citizenship and loss thereof via foreign naturalization, Republic Act No. 9225 (Citizenship Retention and Reacquisition Act of 2003), A.M. No. 22-09-01-SC (Code of Professional Responsibility and Accountability; CPRA) relevant to admission to practice of law, Philippine Bar admission rules and jurisprudence on citizenship requirements

Identify the controlling rule on Filipino citizenship under the 1987 Constitution. Distinguish between Filipino citiz...

...stinguish between Filipino citizens by birth and Filipino citizens by naturalization. Apply to the following facts and determine each person’s status: (a) Maria, born in Manila in 1989 to a Filipino father and a Japanese...

Citations: Constitution of the Philippines (1987), Article IV, Section 1 (Citizenship by birth or naturalization)., Republic Act No. 9225 (Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act) (relevant to dual/foreign citizenship considerations).