...4-07 of the City of San Pedro, titled “Ordinance Regulating Speech in Public Places and Online,” makes it punishable to utter, write, post, or display any statement that (a) offends, humiliates, or brings disrepute to an...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 4
City Ordinance No. 2024-09 of the City Council of Sanroque prohibits: "No artistic or expressive activity shall be conducted within city limits that disturbs the peace, order, or privacy of others." Penalties: fines of u...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 1
...es to comply with the extended hours. There is no written contract or lawful basis justifying detention or extended labor, and Dina did not consent to the extended hours. (a) Does Dina’s treatment amount to involuntary s...
Citations: Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Article III, Section 18 (No involuntary servitude)., Republic Act No. 9208 (Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003).
Facts: Aurelio Tan, a public school administrator suspected of involvement in a procurement kickback scheme, is arrested by police and taken to a windowed interrogation room. He is not informed of his right to counsel or...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 12(1) (right against self-incrimination and right to counsel), Philippine rules on admissibility of confessions and the voluntariness standard (totality of the circumstances), Jurisprudence recognizing that custodial interrogation requires safeguards and that threats to employment or professional license can constitute coercion in the voluntariness analysis
Ordinance No. 2024-12, enacted by the Sanggunian Panlalawigan of Ilocos Norte on February 20, 2024, retroactively criminalizes attendance at a peaceful rally held on January 28, 2014 in Vigan City. The ordinance imposes...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 22 (prohibition on ex post facto laws and, by implication, bills of attainder).
...o log and report interference events monthly; (iii) the creation of a public online dashboard for interference data; and (iv) penalties for noncompliance. Publication of Regulation No. 2024-08 appeared only on the NTC’s...
Citations: Administrative Code of 1987 (Executive Order No. 292) on publication and rulemaking., 1987 Constitution, Article III (due process clause) and related due process principles in administrative rulemaking.
Ordinance No. 2024-09 of the City of San Rosas, Public Assembly Regulation: (i) any street demonstration must obtain a permit at least 48 hours in advance; (ii) permits may be denied on grounds of “likely disruption of p...
Citations: Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Article III, Section 4 (freedom of speech, expression, assembly)
...of the City of Capiz prohibits displaying any 'political content' on public sidewalks, parks, and street corners unless the display has been approved by the City Information Office. 'Political content' is defined as sta...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 4 (freedom of speech, expression)
Republic Act No. 9999, enacted by Congress on June 9, 2024, retroactively criminalizes attendance at any peaceful protest that occurred between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012. It imposes penalties up to 12 years'...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 22
...State’s obligation to promote social justice and human rights, citing international norms ratified by the Philippines. (a) Identify the controlling doctrine governing the rights of indigenous peoples to their ancestral l...
Citations: Republic Act No. 8371 (Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act), Constitution of the Philippines, Article XII (National Economy and Patrimony; Indigenous Peoples) and related protections, International norms ratified by the Philippines (e.g., UNDRIP) as interpretive context for indigenous rights
(a) Identify the controlling doctrine on whether international organizations are subjects of international law with personality capable of binding States and individuals. (b) Distinguish the controlling rule on when a tr...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Art. VII, Sec. 21, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), Articles 2(1)(a) and 26, Brownlie, Ian, Principles of Public International Law (8th ed.), ch. on International Organizations and Treaties
(a) State the controlling doctrine on how international labor conventions like this become binding in Philippine law. (b) Distinguish whether such a convention is self-executing or requires implementing legislation to ha...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article VII, Section 21 (treaties require Senate concurrence and become law of the land upon ratification and publication), ILO Convention No. 29 (Forced Labour)
...nization named the Global Trade and Oceanic Alliance (GTOA) and the Republic of the Philippines sign a Multilateral Instrument titled the Oceanic Commerce and Environment Protocol (OCEP). OCEP creates the Oceanic Investm...
Citations: Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Art. VII, Sec. 21, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), Articles 2(1)(a), 26, 46, International Court of Justice, Reservations to the Genocide Convention (Advisory Opinion), 1951
...al organization named the Oceanic Governance Alliance (OGA) and the Republic of the Philippines sign a Multilateral Instrument titled the Oceanic Stability Pact (OSP). The OSP establishes the International Oceanic Court...
Citations: Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), especially Articles 2(1)(a) and 26., 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, Article VII, Section 21 (Senate ratification requirement)., General principles on international organizations and personality (recognition in customary international law and practice, as reflected in UN Charter norms).
...e International Economic Sustainability Organization (IESO) and the Republic of the Philippines sign a Multilateral Instrument titled the Sustainable Trade and Investment Protocol (STIP). STIP creates the International T...
Citations: ICJ, Reparation for Injuries Case (1949) recognizing the international personality of the United Nations and IOs., Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations (ARIO) (2011), for IO personality and responsibility., Philippine Constitution, 1987, Art. VII, Sec. 21 (Senate concurrence for treaties)., Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969) (general treaty-law context).
...entify the controlling doctrine on eminent domain and the effect of Republic Act No. 10752 on the expropriation process for infrastructure projects. (b) Distinguish the standard for 'just compensation' and explain how RA...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 9 (private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation), Republic Act No. 10752 (An Act Providing for the Expropriation of Private Lands for Infrastructure Projects)
(a) Identify the controlling rule about lands of the public domain as refined in Republic v. Pasig Rizal Co., Inc., G.R. No. 213207 (Feb. 15, 2022) (all Opinions). (b) Distinguish between lands that remain part of the pu...
Citations: Republic v. Pasig Rizal Co., Inc., G.R. No. 213207 (Feb. 15, 2022), Krivenko v. Register of Deeds, G.R. No. L-26068 (1947), Constitution of the Philippines, Article XII (National Patrimony)
(a) Identify the Public Trust Doctrine and its controlling rule. (b) A city mayor enters into a 40-year concession with RiverSafe Holdings to develop, operate, and exclusively manage a publicly owned mountain watershed t...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article XII (National Economy and Patrimony), Republic Act No. 11659 (New Public Service Act)
...) The President issues a Memorandum Order directing the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) to suspend the Regional Director of DPWH Region IV-B and place the region under temporary administrative supervision...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines (1987), Article VII (Executive Department), Administrative Code of the Philippines (EO 292) on executive control and supervision, Civil Service Commission rules on disciplinary actions, due process, and administrative remedies
...passport to prevent her from leaving. There is no written contract or lawful basis authorizing detention or extended labor. (a) Does Mila’s treatment amount to involuntary servitude under the Philippine Constitution? Exp...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 18 (Right Against Involuntary Servitude).
An international corporation, Zenith Securities, is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). After due process, SEC issues a final order canceling Zenith’s registration and permanently prohibiting th...
Citations: Rule 65, Rules of Court (Philippines), Constitution of the Philippines (Article VIII, Jurisdiction of Courts)
..., the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the Republic of the Philippines execute a multilateral instrument titled the Mutual Standards Protocol (MSP). The MSP establishes an International Standards...
Citations: Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, 1933, Art. 1, Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations (1949), ICJ Reports 174, Constitution of the Philippines, Article VII, Sec. 21
Identify (a) the controlling rule about lands of the public domain as refined in Republic v. Pasig Rizal Co., Inc., G.R. No. 213207 (Feb. 15, 2022) (all Opinions); (b) distinguish between lands that remain part of the pu...
Citations: Republic v. Pasig Rizal Co., Inc., G.R. No. 213207 (Feb. 15, 2022), Constitution of the Philippines, Article XII, Section 2, Commonwealth Act No. 141 (Public Land Act)
...tions: (i) the owner is a resident of the City for at least 3 years; (ii) the business is located within the City Heritage Zone (CHZ); (iii) the business employs no more than 2 full-time workers; (iv) the annual gross sa...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 1 (Equal Protection of Laws)
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