Facts: Claudia, a 12-year-old whose parents are deceased, has no guardian. Her Aunt Nia petitions for appointment as guardian of Claudia’s person and estate. Her Uncle Mia petitions for appointment as guardian of Clau...
Citations: Rules of Court, Guardianship Rules 92-97 (Special Proceedings)
Decedent Maria Gomez died testate in Manila on January 10, 2026. Her will (dated 2014) named her son as executor. The son died in 2022 and did not designate a substitute. There is no living person named as executor wh...
Citations: Rules of Court, Rule 80 (Special Proceedings: Settlement of the Estate of Decedents); particularly provisions regarding Letters Testamentary vs. Letters of Administration with the Will Annexed, Gamboa v. Court of Appeals (illustrative authority on administration with the will annexed and will contest interplay), Revised Rules on Court: Settlement of Estates and Appointment of Administrators with the Will Annexed
In a case concerning coastal oil-spill cleanup affecting fishing communities, the Supreme Court issues a writ of continuing mandamus against the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the Philippin...
Citations: A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC (Special Proceedings and Writs in Environmental Cases)
In a case involving air-quality management in the Calabarzon region, the Supreme Court issues a writ of continuing mandamus against the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the Environmental Mana...
Citations: A.M. No. 09-6-8-SC, Writ of Continuing Mandamus (Special Proceedings and Environmental Cases), Rules of Court (Writs), Philippine Supreme Court environmental jurisprudence on continuing mandamus (A.M. 09-6-8-SC as controlling authority)
Decedent Rosa Santos died testate in Mandaluyong City on January 3, 2026. The will, dated 2015, named her sister, Lilia Santos, as executrix. Lilia died in 2020 and did not designate a substitute. There is no living p...
Citations: Rules of Court, Rule 80 (Probate Proceedings; Letters Testamentary; Letters of Administration; administration with the will annexed)
Facts: Maria Lopez owns a house and lot in Mandaluyong City. By a Special Power of Attorney dated April 10, 20XX, she appoints her cousin Diego Rivera to sign, sign and execute instruments necessary to convey the propert...
Citations: Civil Code provisions on agency and authority in merchant transactions (principal–agent relationship), Notarial Law and Practice in the Philippines (acknowledgment by an agent requires express authorization), Supreme Court interpretations on acknowledgment of acts performed by attorneys-in-fact in notarial proceedings
...., a Philippine corporation, voluntarily dissolves and begins wind-up proceedings. A minority stockholder, who owns 8% of the outstanding shares, requests access to Sunrise Plastics’ records to appraise the estate: (i) m...
Citations: John Gokongwei, Jr. v. Securities and Exchange Commission, G.R. No. L-45911, April 11, 1979, 178 Phil. 266., John Gokongwei, Jr. v. SEC (178 Phil. 266) - Supreme Court E-Library: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/dtSearch/dtSearch_system_files/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getdoc&stgd=yes&DocId=25355&request=special%20fact%20doctrine%20inside%20information%20directors%20stockholders%20capital&index=%2a4aeb4dbdcceeda9b59b85ae3fb22cec0&searchFlags=1249280&autoStopLimit=0&fuzziness=3&SearchForm=
A complaint is filed with the Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP) against a provincial governor for irregular procurement of medicines. After a formal investigation, the OSP issues an order dismissing the case for lac...
An administrative complaint is filed with the Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP) against a city mayor for irregular procurement of calamity funds. After a formal investigation, the OSP issues an order dismissing the...
An administrative complaint is filed with the Office of the Special Prosecutor (OSP) against a city mayor for misappropriation of calamity funds. After a formal investigation, the OSP issues an order dismissing the case...
...fficient where there is a real or apparent conflict; appointment of a special prosecutor (option 3) or su...
Identify the central doctrine governing inclusion and exclusion proceedings in Philippine suffrage law. Apply that doctrine to the following facts: In the City of Muntinlupa, a petition for exclusion from the voters list...
LumenTech Plastics, a 620-employee manufacturing plant, is in NLRC proceedings with the LumenTech Workers Union (LTWU) representing 112 workers for alleged unfair labor practices. LTWU moves for injunctive relief before...
On August 8, 2025, Pacifica Foods, Inc. (the principal) executed a Special Power of Attorney appointing its Chief Financial Officer, Paolo Garcia, as attorney-in-fact to handle all matters relating to Pacifica's loan wit...
Primex Manufacturing Corp. (the principal) executed a Special Power of Attorney appointing its Corporate Treasurer, Lorenzo Vega, as attorney-in-fact to handle all matters relating to Primex’s loan with Aurora Bank, incl...
QuantumTech Electronics, Inc. and its workers are bound by a two-year Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) covering January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2025. Economic terms fix a daily wage of 1,600 PHP; a 2% cost‑of‑liv...
Citations: John Gokongwei, Jr. v. SEC (178 Phil. 266) - Supreme Court E-Library: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/dtSearch/dtSearch_system_files/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getdoc&stgd=yes&DocId=25355&request=special%20fact%20doctrine%20inside%20information%20directors%20stockholders%20capital&index=%2a4aeb4dbdcceeda9b59b85ae3fb22cec0&searchFlags=1249280&autoStopLimit=0&fuzziness=3&SearchForm=
Zenith Precision, Inc. is bound by a two-year Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2025. Economic terms fix a daily wage of 1,350 PHP; a 3% cost-of-living adjustment after 12 mont...
Citations: John Gokongwei, Jr. v. SEC (178 Phil. 266) - Supreme Court E-Library: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/dtSearch/dtSearch_system_files/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getdoc&stgd=yes&DocId=25355&request=special%20fact%20doctrine%20inside%20information%20directors%20stockholders%20capital&index=%2a4aeb4dbdcceeda9b59b85ae3fb22cec0&searchFlags=1249280&autoStopLimit=0&fuzziness=3&SearchForm=
(a) Identify the controlling doctrine on suability and personality to sue applicable to foreign corporations in the Philippines. (b) Distinguish the rule for foreign versus domestic corporations and explain how SEC re...
Citations: Gokongwei, John G. Jr. v. Securities and Exchange Commission, G.R. No. L-45911, 178 Phil. 266 (1979)., John Gokongwei, Jr. v. SEC (178 Phil. 266) - Supreme Court E-Library: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/dtSearch/dtSearch_system_files/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getdoc&stgd=yes&DocId=25355&request=special%20fact%20doctrine%20inside%20information%20directors%20stockholders%20capital&index=%2a4aeb4dbdcceeda9b59b85ae3fb22cec0&searchFlags=1249280&autoStopLimit=0&fuzziness=3&SearchForm=
...e aggrieved party? The prevailing framework places initial wage-claim proceedings in the DOLE Regional Office, followed by possible appellate review of the DOLE decision by the NLRC. This means the aggrieved party should...
Citations: John Gokongwei, Jr. v. SEC (178 Phil. 266) - Supreme Court E-Library: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/dtSearch/dtSearch_system_files/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getdoc&stgd=yes&DocId=25355&request=special%20fact%20doctrine%20inside%20information%20directors%20stockholders%20capital&index=%2a4aeb4dbdcceeda9b59b85ae3fb22cec0&searchFlags=1249280&autoStopLimit=0&fuzziness=3&SearchForm=
A private IT services firm in Pasig City employing about 55 workers is alleged by a wage earner to have underpaid the minimum wage for the last three months and to have failed to pay the 13th month pay. The employee f...
Citations: John Gokongwei, Jr. v. SEC (178 Phil. 266) - Supreme Court E-Library: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/dtSearch/dtSearch_system_files/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getdoc&stgd=yes&DocId=25355&request=special%20fact%20doctrine%20inside%20information%20directors%20stockholders%20capital&index=%2a4aeb4dbdcceeda9b59b85ae3fb22cec0&searchFlags=1249280&autoStopLimit=0&fuzziness=3&SearchForm=
...n the core jurisdiction issue between DOLE and NLRC within wage-claim proceedings and tests the student’s ability to identify the controlling forum, distinguish roles and remedies, and apply them to a new but structurall
Citations: John Gokongwei, Jr. v. Securities and Exchange Commission, G.R. No. L-45911, April 11, 1979 (178 Phil. 266), John Gokongwei, Jr. v. SEC (178 Phil. 266) - Supreme Court E-Library: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/dtSearch/dtSearch_system_files/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getdoc&stgd=yes&DocId=25355&request=special%20fact%20doctrine%20inside%20information%20directors%20stockholders%20capital&index=%2a4aeb4dbdcceeda9b59b85ae3fb22cec0&searchFlags=1249280&autoStopLimit=0&fuzziness=3&SearchForm=
...P SW take to comply with due process in both admission and discipline proceedings? Th...
Citations: John Gokongwei, Jr. v. Securities and Exchange Commission, G.R. No. L-45911, April 11, 1979, 178 Phil. 266, John Gokongwei, Jr. v. SEC (178 Phil. 266) - Supreme Court E-Library: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/dtSearch/dtSearch_system_files/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getdoc&stgd=yes&DocId=25355&request=special%20fact%20doctrine%20inside%20information%20directors%20stockholders%20capital&index=%2a4aeb4dbdcceeda9b59b85ae3fb22cec0&searchFlags=1249280&autoStopLimit=0&fuzziness=3&SearchForm=
An employee wins an NLRC decision ordering reinstatement and back wages against an employer who refuses to comply. The employee files a petition for enforcement with the Regional Trial Court (RTC) asking for a writ of...
Citations: John Gokongwei, Jr. v. SEC (178 Phil. 266) - Supreme Court E-Library: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/dtSearch/dtSearch_system_files/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getdoc&stgd=yes&DocId=25355&request=special%20fact%20doctrine%20inside%20information%20directors%20stockholders%20capital&index=%2a4aeb4dbdcceeda9b59b85ae3fb22cec0&searchFlags=1249280&autoStopLimit=0&fuzziness=3&SearchForm=
An employee, Luz Dizon, wins an NLRC decision against Zenith Shipping, Inc. ordering reinstatement and back wages for illegal dismissal. Zenith Shipping refuses to comply. Luz files a petition for enforcement with the...
Citations: John Gokongwei, Jr. v. SEC (178 Phil. 266) - Supreme Court E-Library: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/dtSearch/dtSearch_system_files/dtisapi6.dll?cmd=getdoc&stgd=yes&DocId=25355&request=special%20fact%20doctrine%20inside%20information%20directors%20stockholders%20capital&index=%2a4aeb4dbdcceeda9b59b85ae3fb22cec0&searchFlags=1249280&autoStopLimit=0&fuzziness=3&SearchForm=
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