Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Transfer of Shares | ESSAY
Medium
(a) The by-laws of LUMEN Corp require board approval for transfers of shares to persons not already shareholders and provide that a transfer to a non-shareholder is void unless the board approves and the stock transfer b...
Citations: Republic Act No. 11232 (Revised Corporation Code)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Transfer of Shares | ESSAY
Medium
(a) The by-laws of NOVATECH Corp require board approval for transfers of shares to persons not already shareholders, and provide that a transfer to a non-shareholder is void unless the board approves and the stock transf...
Citations: Republic Act No. 11232 (Revised Corporation Code), By-laws of NOVATECH Corp (governing transfer of shares and stock transfer book)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Reciprocity Clause - R.A. No. 11659, Sec. 25 | ESSAY
Medium
A foreign corporation, GlobeLink Transport, organized under the laws of Country Y, seeks to operate a public utility in the Philippines under Commonwealth Act No. 146 as amended by RA 11659, Sec. 25 (Reciprocity Clause)...
Citations: Commonwealth Act No. 146 (Public Service Act), Republic Act No. 11659, Sec. 25 (Reciprocity Clause)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Reciprocity Clause - R.A. No. 11659, Sec. 25 | ESSAY
Medium
AquaNova Global, Inc., a foreign corporation organized under the laws of Country Phi, seeks a franchise to operate a nationwide water distribution public utility in the Philippines under Commonwealth Act No. 146 as amend...
Citations: Commonwealth Act No. 146, RA 11659, Sec. 25
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Reciprocity Clause - R.A. No. 11659, Sec. 25 | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
Aurora Meridian Co., a foreign corporation organized under the laws of Country Solara, seeks to operate a nationwide rail public utility in the Philippines under Commonwealth Act No. 146, as amended by RA 11659, Sec. 25...
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Close Corporations | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...a Close Co., designated as a close corporation by its articles and by-laws, has 7,200 outstanding shares held by 7 stockholders. The by-laws provide that transfer of shares to a person not already a stockholder becomes e...
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Election of Directors or Trustees | ESSAY
Medium
...ed by founders J, K, and L who draft Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws and file them with the Securities and Exchange Commission for registration. Before a certificate of incorporation is issued, the promoters hold a...
Citations: Revised Corporation Code (RA 11232) – pre‑incorporation contracts, directors’ authority before incorporation, and ratification/adoption rules., General doctrine on pre‑incorporation acts and corporate ratification as applied to Philippines corporate law.
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Transfer of Shares | ESSAY
Medium
DEF Corp's by-laws require board approval for transfers of shares to persons not already shareholders. Shareholder L contracts to sell 1,200 shares to outsider M and endows the stock certificate to M. The board initially...
Citations: Revised Corporation Code (R.A. 11232)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Election of Directors or Trustees | ESSAY
Medium
...by founders A, B, and C who execute Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws and file them with the Securities and Exchange Commission for registration. Before a certificate of incorporation is issued, DSI holds a stockhol...
Citations: Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines (R.A. No. 11232)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Reciprocity Clause - R.A. No. 11659, Sec. 25 | ESSAY
Medium
Newwave Power Corp., a foreign corporation organized under the laws of Country Omega, seeks a franchise to operate a nationwide electricity distribution public utility in the Philippines under Commonwealth Act No. 146 as...
Citations: Commonwealth Act No. 146 (Public Service Act), R.A. No. 11659, Sec. 25 (Reciprocity Clause)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Kinds of Taxpayers | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
NordicTech Ltd., a foreign corporation organized under the laws of the United Kingdom, does not maintain any office, employees, or fixed place of business in the Philippines. It sells its products in the Philippines sole...
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Transfer of Shares | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
NOVA INDUSTRIES, INC. by-laws require board approval for transfers of shares to persons not already shareholders and provide that a transfer to a non-shareholder is void unless approved by the board and the stock transfe...
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Reciprocity Clause - R.A. No. 11659, Sec. 25 | ESSAY
Medium
NovaWave Power, LLC, a foreign corporation organized under the laws of Country Alpha, seeks a franchise to operate a distribution public utility for electricity in Mindanao under Commonwealth Act No. 146 as amended by RA...
Citations: Commonwealth Act No. 146 (Public Service Act), Republic Act No. 11659, Sec. 25 (Reciprocity Clause)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Participation in Management; Voting Requirements | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...netary Holdings, Inc. has 3,000,000 outstanding voting shares. The by-laws require a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the outstanding capital stock for major corporate actions (e.g., amendments to the articles of incorporation o...
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Election of Directors or Trustees | MULTIPLE_CHOICE
Medium
...d by promoters L, M, and N who draft Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws and file them with the Securities and Exchange Commission for registration. Before the certificate of incorporation is issued, the promoters hold...
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Doing Business in the Philippines | ESSAY
Medium
ZetaNova Ltd., a company organized under the laws of Ireland, intends to establish a Philippine subsidiary, ZetaNova Philippines, Inc., to provide data analytics and IT outsourcing services to Philippine and foreign clie...
Citations: Republic Act No. 11232 (Revised Corporation Code), Republic Act No. 7042 (Foreign Investments Act) as amended by RA 8179 and RA 11647, Constitution of the Philippines, Article XII, Section 7 (Land Ownership)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Appraisal and Assessment | ESSAY
Medium
...ng doctrine governing appraisal and assessment in local real property taxation. (b) Distinguish between market value and assessed value, and explain how classification affects the tax base. (c) Parcel S, a 1,900-square-m...
Citations: Republic Act No. 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991), Constitution of the Philippines, Article X (Local Government)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Appraisal and Assessment | ESSAY
Medium
...ng doctrine governing appraisal and assessment in local real property taxation. (b) Distinguish between market value and assessed value, and explain how classification affects the tax base. (c) Parcel K, a 5,500-square-m...
Citations: Republic Act No. 7160, Local Government Code of the Philippines (Real Property Tax provisions).
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Appraisal and Assessment | ESSAY
Medium
...ng doctrine governing appraisal and assessment in local real property taxation. (b) Distinguish between market value and assessed value, and explain how classification affects the tax base. (c) Parcel U, a 2,100-square-m...
Citations: Republic Act No. 7160 (Local Government Code)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Transfer of Shares | ESSAY
Medium
(a) The by-laws of ABC Corp require board approval for transfers of shares to persons not already shareholders. Shareholder A contracts to sell 1,000 shares to outsider Z, endorses the stock certificate in blank to Z, bu...
Citations: Revised Corporation Code (R.A. No. 11232)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Transfer of Shares | ESSAY
Medium
(a) The by-laws of APEX TECH, INC. require board approval for transfers of shares to persons not already shareholders, and provide that a transfer to a non-shareholder is void unless approved by the board and the stock t...
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Transfer of Shares | ESSAY
Medium
(a) The by-laws of GHI Innovations Corp require board approval for transfers to persons not already shareholders, and provide that a transfer to a non-shareholder is void unless approved by the board and recorded in the...
Citations: Republic Act No. 11232 (Revised Corporation Code)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Transfer of Shares | ESSAY
Medium
(a) The by-laws of NOVA CORE, Inc. require board approval for transfers of shares to persons not already shareholders, and provide that a transfer to a non-shareholder is void unless the board approves and the stock tran...
Citations: Republic Act No. 11232 (Revised Corporation Code)
Question
Commercial and Taxation Laws | Transfer of Shares | ESSAY
Medium
(a) The by-laws of VISTA DYNAMICS, INC. require board approval for transfers of shares to persons not already shareholders, and provide that a transfer to a non-shareholder is void unless the board approves and the stock...
Citations: Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines (RCCP), RA 11232