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Question
Lot Alpha is a parcel of land titled in the name of Leticia under TCT No. AL-9000. Leticia’s household helper forged a Deed of Sale purporting to transfer Lot Alpha from Leticia to Marco and used the forged instrument to apply for original registration; a certificate of title is subsequently issued in Marco’s name (TCT No. AL-9001). Leticia discovers the fraud and seeks reconveyance of Lot Alpha and cancellation of Marco’s title. (a)Identify the controlling doctrine governing land registration and the indefeasibility of title in the Philippines, including the recognized exceptions. (b)Distinguish how this doctrine operates when registration was procured by extrinsic fraud (as in this case) versus a legitimate transfer. (c)Apply the doctrine to the facts: who should prevail in title to Lot Alpha and what is the proper remedy for Leticia, if any.