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Question
Lot Mu is a parcel of land titled in the name of Eduardo under TCT No. MU-2010. Eduardo’s nephew, through a dishonest clerk, forges a Deed of Sale purporting to transfer Lot Mu from Eduardo to a buyer named Felix. The clerk then uses the forged deed to secure original registration, and a new certificate of title is issued in Felix’s name (TCT No. MU-2011). Eduardo learns of the fraud and his heirs file a complaint for reconveyance of Lot Mu and cancellation of Felix’s title. (a) Identify the controlling doctrine governing land registration and the indefeasibility of title in the Philippines, including the recognized exceptions. (b) Distinguish how this doctrine operates when registration was procured by extrinsic fraud (as in this case) versus a legitimate transfer. (c) Apply the doctrine to the facts: who should prevail in title to Lot Mu and what is the proper remedy for Eduardo’s heirs, if any.