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Lot 12-C, registered in the name of Lina under Title LT-7555. Lina appoints broker Pax to effect a sale for value. Without Lina’s knowledge, Pax forges Lina’s signature on a deed of sale transferring Lot 12-C to buyer Zed for ₱9,000,000; Zed pays in full and records the deed. It later turns out Pax had no authority to convey. Lina seeks reconveyance from Zed. Zed defends that he is an innocent purchaser for value in good faith under the Torrens system and that his title is indefeasible. (a) Identify and state the controlling doctrine governing an innocent purchaser for value under the Torrens system and the conditions that must be satisfied for protection to attach. (b) Distinguish this doctrine from a mere purchaser or from a purchaser with notice of the defect. (c) Apply the doctrine to Zed’s case: does Zed’s status as an IPFV shield his title from reconveyance, given that Pax forged Lina’s signature and had no authority? If Zed is not protected, what remedies are available to Lina, and what recourse may Zed have against Pax or others?