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Question
State the governing definition of a contract and its essential elements under the Civil Code. In a private land transaction, Maria, a 72-year-old, signs a Deed of Sale with Juan for Lot 14, Block 5, Crescent City Subdivision, TD-2024-88 (approximately 420 sqm) at PHP 4,500,000. In the weeks preceding signing, Maria's long-time caregiver persuades her that signing will secure her future welfare. After the deed is signed and the purchase price paid, Maria later repudiates the sale, claiming she did not freely consent due to undue influence by the caregiver. The buyer sues, alleging there was a contract. (i) Determine whether a contract exists, focusing on the elements of consent, object, and cause, considering the alleged undue influence. (ii) If a contract exists, what remedies would follow upon breach? (iii) If you hold that no contract existed, outline the remedies the buyer could pursue (restitution, damages) and explain why.