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In 2023, Congress enacted a law increasing the penalty for possession of illegal drugs with intent to distribute from 6-12 years to 12-20 years, and added higher penalties for repeat offenders. The offense was committed by Kai in 2020, and he was charged in 2024 under the new law. (a) Is the statute, as applied to Kai's 2020 offense, an ex post facto law? (b) If the same possession offense had been committed in 2025, after the law took effect, would applying the statute be constitutional? Briefly justify.