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Alex Santos was convicted by final judgment on June 15, 2012 for estafa and was sentenced to six years of imprisonment. The judgment became final on June 28, 2012. He did not file any appeal. On November 5, 2019, he filed a petition for relief from judgment under Rule 47, which was denied on February 14, 2020. A warrant of arrest to enforce the sentence was issued on March 20, 2023. (a) Identify the governing doctrine on prescription of penalties and the controlling rule you would apply. (b) Apply the doctrine to the facts: has the penalty prescribed? explain why or why not, indicating interruptions/tolling and the relevant starting point for the period. (c) If prescription has prescribed, explain the effect on Alex Santos’s criminal liability; if not, explain the consequence and the current status of enforcement.