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Question
A stadium store security supervisor named Mila directs her courier Rico to steal sporting gear from the stadium stockroom after hours. Rico forcibly enters the stockroom and takes goods worth PHP 180,000. Mila did not personally enter the stockroom but planned the theft, provided the access code, and organized the operation. Rico is apprehended and charged with theft. (a) Identify the principal actors and classify their roles under Philippine criminal law. Are Mila and Rico principals or is one an accomplice? (b) What is the governing doctrine on primary versus subsidiary liability for the described roles? Apply the rule to determine whether Mila has criminal liability given her lack of direct participation. (c) If Rico were a minor, discuss whether there is subsidiary civil liability on the part of Mila or the stadium owner for the resulting damages, and explain the civil–criminal distinction.