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Question
At a private hospital, a procurement clerk, Carmen, secretly diverts PHP 120,000 from the hospital's petty cash. The money is not recovered. She is charged with theft and convicted. In the criminal judgment, the offended party (the hospital) seeks Restitution, Reparation, and Indemnification. (a) Identify the civil liability doctrine that attaches to the offense and name the three remedies it encompasses, explaining what each remedy covers. (b) Distinguish Restitution from Reparation, and explain when Indemnification may be awarded. (c) Apply to the facts: determine the amounts that may be ordered for Restitution and Reparation, and discuss whether Indemnification would be available given the non-recovery of the property and Carmen's financial status.