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Juan, a Filipino citizen, operates a digital wallet that aggregates small donations for a community relief project. Over three months, he collects ₱150,000 from numerous donors and transfers ₱120,000 to a foundation named Lumos Foundation, which the Anti-Terrorism Council has designated as a terrorist organization. He claims the funds were for disaster relief and did not know Lumos was designated. No terrorist act has occurred, and the donors were unaware of Lumos’s designation. Under Republic Act No. 11479:
(a) Is Juan liable for financing of terrorism based on transferring funds to Lumos, even though no terrorist act occurred? Must he know Lumos is designated or have actual intent to support terrorism?
(b) What is the required mental element for financing of terrorism, and how can it be satisfied on these facts?
(c) If Juan genuinely believed the funds would be used for humanitarian relief and had no knowledge of Lumos’s designation, would liability attach? Explain briefly.