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Question
Jia, a private individual, learns of a pending case before the prosecutor in which a key witness is expected to testify. She orchestrates to bribe a court clerk to insert a forged affidavit into the case file, stating that the witness previously confessed to the crime and would exculpate the defendant, thereby influencing the prosecutor to drop the case. The clerk refuses; the forged affidavit is never introduced, and the witness testifies truthfully at the trial. Advise whether Jia’s acts constitute Obstruction of Justice under P.D. No. 1829. (a) State the elements of the offense as the controlling rule; (b) discuss whether liability attaches even though the witness testified; (c) determine whether Jia’s acts amount to consummation or to mere attempt, and explain the governing principle.