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Question
Juno, a systems consultant contracted to upgrade a private hospital’s data servers, copies the hospital’s non-public patient database to a USB drive without authorization and sells it to a competitor. He then deploys ransomware that encrypts critical files and disables several services, resulting in a multi-hour outage. To conceal the breach, he deletes system logs. (a) Under RA 10175, Sec. 4(a)(1)-(5), what offenses has Juno committed? Identify the controlling elements and explain how the facts satisfy them. (b) A different technician, Lira, receives a targeted phishing email that purportedly comes from the hospital’s IT department and uses it to obtain administrator credentials. She uses those credentials to log in to the same database and merely views records without copying or altering them. Is Lira liable under RA 10175, Sec. 4(a)(1)-(5)? Explain which offenses apply and how the elements are satisfied, noting differences from Juno’s liability.