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Kinara HR Services, a private recruitment agency based in Cebu City, is contracted by MiraTech Manufacturing to staff 70 local assembly-line workers. Kinara posts openings on its own website and in a national newspaper, screens applicants, collects a nonrefundable processing fee from applicants, and forwards a shortlist of 33 candidates to MiraTech. MiraTech offers employment to Candidate W from the shortlist and signs a local employment contract with W. Kinara also provides a brief pre-employment orientation and arranges a one-time relocation allowance, though no separate 'placement agreement' is signed. (a) Identify which acts by Kinara constitute recruitment, which constitute placement, and why. (b) Based on the acts described, determine whether Kinara’s activities fall within the definition of recruitment and/or placement under Philippine law and whether a license is required. (c) What penalties or liabilities may arise if Kinara conducts these activities without a license?