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City of Mabini passes Ordinance No. 2039-04 prohibiting late-night street-food bazaars within the central business district from 9:00 PM to 4:00 AM, requiring stalls to close and vendors to cease operations; penalties include fines up to PHP 150,000 and suspension of business permits for repeat violations. A coalition of small vendors challenges that the ordinance is beyond the city’s police power and unduly burdens commerce and livelihoods. (a) Identify the controlling doctrine and the standard used to evaluate the validity of police power measures. (b) Explain the limits of police power, including due process considerations and the role of local government units under the Local Government Code. (c) Apply the doctrine to the facts: Is Ordinance No. 2039-04 a valid exercise of police power? Why or why not?

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Clara

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