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In a hypothetical Philippine case, a bilateral environmental treaty on sustainable fisheries to which the Philippines is a party has been ratified, proclaimed, and published. The treaty is self-executing and contains a direct-invocation clause stating that the treaty "shall have the force of law in the Philippines and shall be binding upon private persons." A domestic regulation bans certain fishing practices that would violate the treaty's standards, and a private fisherman challenges the regulation in court, arguing the treaty directly binds private actors and controls the regulation. Which statement best describes the treaty's effect on private rights in Philippine domestic law and the scope of international law for private actors in this scenario?