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Question
Province of Aurora Ordinance No. 2028-01, the "Public Discourse and Public Peace Act," prohibits any utterance, writing, posting, or display that (a) demeans, discredits, or undermines the credibility of any governor or public institution, or (b) disturbs public order or interferes with essential public services. The ordinance covers statements made in public spaces, on posters, and in online platforms, using broad terms such as “demeans,” “discredits,” and “disturbs public order” without precise limits. A nurse-activist, Dr. Mina Reyes, posts on her public Facebook page: “Governor Artes is corrupt and mishandles the health program.” Reyes is charged under the ordinance. Reyes challenges the ordinance on its face as unconstitutional. (a) Identify the controlling doctrinal framework Reyes relies on. (b) Distinguish facial challenges from as-applied challenges and explain whether the ordinance would fail the facial test. (c) Apply the doctrine to the facts to determine whether the ordinance is void for overbreadth, and whether severability could save any portion. Conclude with the likely outcome under Philippine law.