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Facts: A candidate for City Mayor filed a Certificate of Candidacy with the following declarations: (i) citizenship: natural-born Filipino; (ii) age: 42; (iii) residency: has resided in the city for 2 years immediately preceding the election; (iv) educational attainment: Bachelor's degree from a local university. After the election, it was discovered that: (a) he was born in the United States and acquired Philippine citizenship by naturalization 6 years before the election; (b) he actually resided outside the Philippines for 14 months immediately preceding the election; (c) his claimed degree was earned from a foreign online program not recognized by CHED. (Assume these facts are proven by substantial evidence.) (a) Identify the central doctrine and its controlling elements relevant to eligibility and disqualification in cases of material misrepresentation. (b) Are the misrepresentations on citizenship and residency material, and do they constitute grounds for disqualification or cancellation of the COC? Explain your answer. (c) What remedies are available to challenge the candidate's candidacy or seated status, and what is the likely outcome if these misrepresentations are proven?