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An intergovernmental organization named the Global Oceanic Governance Council (GOGC) and the Republic of the Philippines sign a Multilateral Instrument titled the Oceanic Stability Treaty (OST). OST creates the Oceanic Arbitration Tribunal (OAT) with jurisdiction to adjudicate disputes arising under OST and to issue binding orders on signatory states, on their nationals, and on Philippine-flag vessels operating in signatory waters. The Philippines contends that OST cannot bind the Philippines absent Senate ratification as required by the 1987 Constitution, while the GOGC contends that, once OST enters into force, the Philippines and its nationals are bound irrespective of internal consent procedures. (a)Identify the controlling doctrine on whether international organizations are subjects of international law with personality capable of binding States and individuals. (b)Distinguish the controlling rule on when a treaty involving an international organization binds a Philippine state, including whether Senate ratification is required. (c)Apply to the facts: assuming OST is a treaty, is the Philippines bound by OST if the Senate does not ratify? If the Senate ratifies, what are the consequences for the Philippines and for Philippine nationals in terms of rights and obligations under OST? What is the effect on a third party if OST becomes in force?