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Question
During an internal armed conflict in Panay Island, a Philippine Army company commanded by Captain Elena Mercado attacked the Ati village of Malantas in Aklan Province. The operation included artillery and air strikes, resulting in 74 civilian deaths (including 28 women and 12 children); 180 houses were burned; 90 villagers were forcibly relocated to the mountains. An after-action memo states: "We shall extinguish the Ati as a people to pave the land for mining development." (a) Does this conduct amount to genocide under the Genocide Convention? Apply the elements: protected group, acts of destruction, and intent to destroy, in whole or in part. (b) If genocide is not established, does the conduct constitute crimes against humanity or a war crime under international law applicable in the Philippines? Explain with controlling rules.