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Scenario: A private mall security officer observes a man slip a smartphone from a display and walk toward the exit. The officer shouts for him to stop and immediately gives chase through the mall corridors, catching the man near the main entrance about 12 seconds after the act. The smartphone is recovered from the suspect’s jacket. The arrest is without a warrant. (a) Identify the controlling doctrine that justifies warrantless arrests in this scenario. (b) Distinguish whether the scenario falls under in flagrante delicto, hot pursuit, or the “has just committed a crime and is fleeing” provision and apply the doctrine to the facts. (c) If the arrest is lawful, specify the formalities the arrestee must observe; if not lawful, explain the remedies available to the arrestee.