Flashcards Studio

A Municipal Judge issues a warrant for the residence of Aldrin and Beatrice Santos at 101 Mountain Lane, Cebu City, describing the place to be searched as: “the ground floor study, including the built-in desk and file cabinet therein” to search for illegal drugs and to seize: (i) illegal drugs and drug paraphernalia; (ii) documents showing drug distribution; and (iii) any items reasonably connected to the foregoing. During execution, the team searches the study and the desk and seizes methamphetamine and paraphernalia listed in the warrant. In the desk drawer they locate a ledger listing customers and shipments; they seize the ledger as “documents showing drug distribution.” The team then opens a small locked box inside the desk and finds a USB drive containing digital copies of the ledger; the USB drive is not expressly listed in the warrant but is readily connected to the ledger. Behind a false panel in the study, a trapdoor leads to a wine cellar; in the wine cellar the team finds a pistol and seizes it. The warrant did not authorize search of the wine cellar or seizure of firearms.