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Eduardo Ramos, 78, executed a notarial will leaving 85% to his longtime caregiver, Marta Cruz, and the remainder to his nephew. The will was signed in Marta’s presence and notarized, with two witnesses present. After Eduardo’s death, his siblings challenge the will on grounds of lack of testamentary capacity and undue influence by Marta. They offer: (1) a medical report diagnosing vascular dementia months before execution; (2) a neighbor’s testimony that Marta controlled Eduardo’s finances and frequently dictated his decisions; (3) bank records showing substantial transfers from Eduardo to Marta around the time of the will’s execution; (4) a letter from Eduardo’s attorney indicating Marta assisted in drafting the will; (5) Eduardo’s diary stating, “Marta must manage everything for me.” The defense maintains Eduardo acted freely, understood the nature of the act, and sought nothing improper. In light of Rule 133 and jurisprudence on weight and sufficiency of evidence, decide: (a) the standard of proof known as clear and convincing evidence and its place in Philippine Remedial Law; (b) how that standard applies to the facts, and whether the challengers meet the standard; (c) how to distinguish clear and convincing evidence from preponderance of the evidence and from proof beyond reasonable doubt.