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Question
A private high school administrator, Ms. Elena Santos, issues a tuition receipt (Receipt No. 2023-015) to a student’s parent on June 1, 2023. The original paper receipt was kept in the school’s filing cabinet. A flood on December 15, 2023 destroys the cabinet and the original receipt; only a certified true copy of Receipt No. 2023-015 remains in the school’s records. In a civil action brought by the parent to recover the amount paid, the school proposes to prove payment by the certified true copy of Receipt No. 2023-015. (a) Identify the controlling doctrine about original documents and secondary evidence that applies to this fact pattern. (b) Is the certified true copy admissible to prove that payment was made? State the conditions that must be satisfied, and the role of the destruction of the original. (c) If the copy is not admissible as offered, what other documentary evidence or steps could properly prove the payment under the same doctrine?