Essay Flashcards

Lot 39, owned by Manuel, is sold to Digna for PHP 3,150,000. They sign a deed of sale in which Manuel binds himself to convey title to Lot 39 and deliver possession to Digna immediately upon perfection of the contract, and Digna binds herself to pay the price on signing. The deed expressly states that the obligation is pure and unconditional and contains no condition precedent or future term. Sometime after the signing, it is discovered that Lot 39 is subject to a pre‑existing, undisclosed perpetual easement in favor of a neighboring landowner that predates the contract and would hinder or delay actual transfer and use of the land. The easement is not disclosed to Digna. (a) Identify the central doctrine tested by this fact pattern. (b) Distinguish pure obligations from conditional obligations, including suspensive conditions. (c) Apply the doctrine to the facts: is the obligation here pure? what are the implications for enforceability of Manuel’s title delivery and Digna’s payment, and what remedies are available if either party defaults or if performance is blocked by the easement?