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Question
In a private land transaction, an elderly owner signs a Deed of Sale with her long-time neighbor for Lot 18, Greenhills Subdivision, TD-2024-89 (approximately 480 sqm) at PHP 5,100,000. On signing, the neighbor asserts that the sale is urgent and uses social pressure to persuade the owner, who signs after repeated persuasion and after being isolated from family and friends. The neighbor pays the purchase price and the deed is signed. The owner later repudiates, claiming she did not freely consent due to undue influence by the neighbor. The buyer sues, claiming there was a contract. (i) Determine whether a contract existed, focusing on the elements of consent, object, and cause. (ii) If a contract existed, what remedies would follow upon breach; (iii) If you hold that no contract existed, outline the remedies the buyer could pursue (e.g., restitution, damages) and explain why.