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In 2022, Congress enacted a law increasing the penalty for parricide from 20–40 years to 40–60 years, and added higher penalties for repeat offenders. The offense was committed by Marisol in 2020, and she is charged in 2023 under the new law. (a) Is the law, as applied to Marisol's 2020 offense, an ex post facto law? (b) If the same parricide offense had been committed in 2025, after the statute took effect, would applying the statute be constitutional? Briefly justify.