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Scenario: In 2022, Congress enacted a law increasing the penalty for estafa committed by an officer of a corporation from 6–10 years to 12–20 years, and added higher penalties for repeat offenders. The offense was committed by Mara, who served as president of a mid-sized electronics company, in 2020, and she is charged in 2023 under the new law. (a) Is the statute, as applied to Mara's 2020 offense, an ex post facto law? (b) If Mara had committed the same estafa offense in 2024, after the statute took effect, would applying the statute be constitutional? Briefly justify.