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A private corporation’s chief financial officer, Evelyn Cruz, is charged in the Regional Trial Court with estafa through a crypto-payments platform involving sizable consumer funds. After the information is filed, the court issues an order of preventive imprisonment pending trial, citing overseas assets and the risk of tampering with electronic ledgers. Cruz challenges the order, arguing that preventive imprisonment is a punitive penalty and that detention should be limited to the shortest appropriate period. (a)Define preventive imprisonment under Philippine law and state its proper purpose in the criminal process. (b)Distinguish preventive imprisonment from ordinary bail and from other forms of pre-trial detention, identifying the controlling rule or principle for each. (c)Apply the doctrine to Cruz’s case: are the facts sufficient to sustain a lawful order of preventive imprisonment, and what standards and limitations should govern such an order? If the order is improper, what remedies or avenues of relief are available?

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