Flashcards Studio

An accounts payable officer at a private university's research-funding portal discovers that the vendor payment module allows editing of beneficiary bank details. He secretly adds his own company as a recipient for several grant payments, approves the transfers, and then issues forged refunds to conceal the misdirection. After several months, auditors uncover irregular disbursements and substantial losses.   (a)Identify the offense under RA 10175, Sec. 4(b)(2) that he commits. (b)State the essential elements of that offense. (c)Explain whether his acts could be charged under the Revised Penal Code as estafa, and discuss why Sec. 4(b)(2) provides the appropriate framework for this cyber-enabled fraud.