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A call-center agent works an 8-hour shift from 1:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m., with a 60-minute meal break from 5:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. During the break, the agent may briefly step away from the desk but must remain within the call center premises and must respond to urgent tickets within 10 minutes through a silent pager. The employer labels the entire 60-minute interval as “meal-break pay.” (a) Identify the central doctrine governing meal breaks and compensable time in Philippine labor standards. (b) Distinguish when time during a meal break is compensable versus non-compensable, given the on-call duties described. (c) Apply the doctrine to the facts: should the 60-minute period be counted as working time, and what is the proper wage treatment? What remedies apply if misclassification occurred?