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Ravi, a machine operator at Crestline Electronics, is directed by his supervisor to remain after his shift for 40 minutes to run a diagnostic test on a faulty line and to log the results in the overtime verification form. Ravi refuses, contending that overtime was not pre-approved and that he would not be compensated at overtime rates without proper authorization. The supervisor terminates Ravi for willful disobedience of a lawful order, effective immediately. Ravi has no prior disciplinary record. (a) Identify the controlling doctrine on discipline of employees and why it applies to this scenario. (b) Determine whether Ravi's act constitutes willful disobedience of a lawful order and thus a just cause for dismissal. (c) If Crestline Electronics failed to observe due process (notice and hearing) prior to termination, what remedy should Ravi be entitled to under Philippine law?