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Arcadia Foods, Inc. hires worker Rico under a standard wage-and-hours arrangement. A payroll clerk, Lio, under the supervision of HR Manager Celia, processes time records and underpays Rico by 9% for two consecutive pay periods. A line supervisor, Carlo, who does not process payroll but has access to payroll data and is aware of the discrepancy, fails to report or halt it. The company later discovers the underpayment and corrects wages going forward. (a)State the Bystander Rule and explain its impact on personal liability in labor relations when a coworker commits wage underpayment. (b)Distinguish when liability attaches to the employer for acts of its employees versus when a non-participating bystander may be personally liable. (c)Apply the rule to these facts: Is Arcadia Foods liable for the underpayment to Rico? Is Carlo personally liable as a bystander? Explain your reasoning.