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NovaTech Manufacturing, Inc., a mid-sized electronics plant employing 320 workers is represented by a certified union. After management announces plans to install a new automation line and restructure shifts, it locks out the entire plant for 10 days to facilitate the transition. The union contends the lockout is punitive and retaliatory for the planned strike over the changes, and the workers file a complaint with NLRC for unfair labor practices. (a) Identify the legally relevant actors and determine whether the employer’s act constitutes a lockout. (b) State the controlling rule on legitimate lockouts in the Philippines and how it is tested in practice. (c) Apply the rule to this scenario and decide whether the lockout is lawful or unlawful, and outline the remedies available to the workers if it is unlawful.